International Research and Academic scholar society

IRASS Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies

Issue-10(October), Volume-2 2025

1. TENURE OF ELECTED OFFICERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIAN AND THE POL...
10

Tyodzer Patrick PILLAH*, Chukw...
Department of Public Administration Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University, ABUJA
1-18
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17247912

Political tenure in the Local Government Areas of the elected chairmen and counsellors has been a common phenomenon in Nigeria. This general phenomenon has its beginning from the military era (1966–1998) and has not changed much even with the return of the country to democratic governance in 1999. Nigeria has 36 states and 774 local government areas. Nearly 90% of these local government areas are without chairmen and counsellors. In their place, state governors set up caretaker committees that are now saddled with local governance. This paper provided insights on the causes and effects of this trend on the local government system in particular and grassroots development in general with special reference to the local government areas in Nigeria. In Nigeria, local governments were established to bring grassroots development closer to the people. In order to do this, the constitution and other relevant documents included provisions for the presence of elected officials and important personnel, whose responsibilities include assisting in the management of local government matters. However, it is widely held that in Nigeria, elected officials and important local government employees have not worked together to carry out their responsibilities effectively, depriving the local government of the much-needed development. The study's goals were to evaluate the elected officials' dedication to their positions, their interactions with important local government figures, and the resulting impacts on growth. Both primary and secondary data were gathered for this work using the descriptive research approach, and articles, journals, textbooks, theses, and published and unpublished writings were reviewed for the literature review. The results showed that important officials and elected officials had neglected their responsibilities and engaged in internal strife. These have had a big impact on grassroots development. It was determined that local development objectives would not be met if this practice is not stopped, especially as the nation's democracy grows. According to the study, in order for significant progress to occur at the local level, elected officials and important staff members must grow to trust and appreciate one another. The paper recommended measures that could be used to put a permanent end to this political quagmire, among others that both elected offices and key functionaries must show sufficient commitment to their duties for better decision making and service delivery.

2. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FUNDING AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT I...
7

Christiana Sunday Asangusung*
Obong University, Nigeria
19-32
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17247928

This study investigated the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and agricultural development, with specific focus on ExxonMobil in Mkpanak, Ibeno Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Guided by three objectives, research questions, and null hypotheses, the study employed a descriptive survey design. The population comprised 100 respondents, including 60 fishermen and 40 ExxonMobil staff, from which a sample of 70 (40 fishermen and 30 staff) was selected using the Yaro Yamane formula. Data were collected through two sets of researcher-designed questionnaires and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics (percentages) were used to address the research questions, while Pearson‟s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was applied in testing the hypotheses. Findings revealed a low relationship between the provision of fishing equipment by ExxonMobil and agricultural development, a moderate relationship between empowerment projects and agricultural development, and a very low relationship between oil spill compensation and agricultural development. The study concludes that ExxonMobil‟s CSR interventions have not significantly advanced agricultural development in Mkpanak. It is recommended that ExxonMobil strengthen its CSR strategies by prioritizing sustainable agricultural support programs and ensuring equitable implementation of community development initiatives.

3. Integrated Socratic-Psychodrama Group Therapy for Cognitive and Emotio...
6

Gulay Gumus*
St Clements University
33-39
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17258413

This study aims to integrate the methods of Socratic questioning, psychodrama, and group therapy to facilitate individuals’ restructuring of past traumas, transformation of negative thought patterns, and acceleration of healing processes. Supported by hybrid (online and face-toface) sessions, cognitive journals, and social-cognitive interaction, this model holistically addresses both cognitive awareness and emotional experience. The proposed approach is expected to contribute not only to social learning and empathy emerging from group dynamics but also to individual processes of self-awareness. The findings of this study hold the potential to introduce an original and innovative therapeutic model in the field of clinical psychology.

4. NAVIGATING THE LANDSCAPE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT: COMPARE USA AND CANADA,...
7

Tyodzer Patrick PILLAH*, Yakub...
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University, ABUJA
40-62
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17263682

This study explores the evolving landscape of local administration through a comparative analysis of four distinct national contexts: the United States, Canada, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Local government plays a pivotal role in democratic governance and public service delivery, yet the structure, autonomy, and effectiveness of local administrations vary significantly across federal and unitary systems, and between developed and post-conflict societies. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research examines the legal frameworks, institutional arrangements, and fiscal capacities of local governments in each country. Particular attention is given to the impact of decentralization reforms, the role of traditional authorities, and the degree of citizen participation. The findings reveal that while the United States and Canada benefit from mature systems with high levels of autonomy and citizen engagement, Sierra Leone and Liberia face ongoing challenges including limited financial resources, weak institutional capacity, and overlapping authorities between formal and traditional governance structures.By highlighting best practices and persistent challenges, the study contributes to the broader discourse on effective local governance and provides policy recommendations for strengthening administrative systems, especially in emerging democracies. The research underscores the importance of context-sensitive reforms that balance autonomy, accountability, and cultural legitimacy in advancing local governance.

5. Local Government Administrative System in Russia and Former Soviet Rep...
5

Tyodzer Patrick PILLAH*, Fausi...
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University, ABUJA
63-77
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17282866

Local government has a special place in the democratic mechanism of governing society and a state. The modernization of local self-government in post-Soviet Russia is at its early stage. Today we can only talk about some positive trends in this process. First of all, it should be noted that local self-government has both a special subject, which is the population, citizens and a special object of management: issues of local importance. Besides, one of the basic concepts that characterize the essence of local self-government as a form of organization and exercise of power is independence. Like any other form of social self-government, local government is a powerful means of activating a political system, democratic institutions, individual citizens, and of combating bureaucracy and formalism in the work of state governing bodies. Every country at peace has the potential to be at war; likewise, countries at war (cold or hot) have the potential to experience peace. Either way, public administration appears to be the only constant factor; hence the main aim of examining its role in managing the war between Russia and Ukraine. The study was anchored on the theory of administrative behaviour. A qualitative research design was adopted in this study. Data for the study were obtained from secondary sources. The research objectives were to: establish the role of public administration in the management of war; and compare how public administration has shaped the management of war in Ukraine and Russia. Findings from this study revealed among others, that public administration in wartime plays a role in entrenching a harmonious society by taking advantage of the opportunities to create a stable social environment. For instance, while public administration in Russia plays the role of justifying the invasion of Ukraine and causing war, it plays the role of justifying defence in Ukraine and showing citizens the efforts of the government in ensuring they are safe amid ‗instability‘. To this end, the study recommends that countries or nations of the world should not only learn from this war but strengthen their respective public administration institutions for effective and efficient service utilization.

6. Local Administration Administrative Systems in Arabic Countries of Jor...
6

Tyodzer Patrick PILLAH*
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University Abuja
78-109
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17282895

In order to assess the level of challenges facing Local Administration Units (LAUs) in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and the United Arab Emirates, this study will examine the attitudes and perspectives of 400 randomly selected heads and employees of local units, mayors and employees of municipalities, and leaders of provincial departments. Finding important and successful reform strategies to address such issues is one of the study's specific goals. Qualitative methods were used in this investigation. Thirty people in all were purposefully selected for in-depth, in-person consultations, with a focus on determining the main reform initiatives that worked. According to the study's findings, Jordan's local government faces significant challenges related to capacity building, fiscal issues, environmental protection responsiveness, and public engagement. According to the survey, another significant obstacle is the lack of finance and the autonomy of local units in overseeing resident funding. Building capacity accounted for the final challenge. The most important reform measures that must be taken to address the issues facing LAUs are the strengthening of employee training and development, the abandonment of central pre-checking frameworks, the creation of an efficient mechanism to bridge the relationship between municipalities and citizens, the improvement of an environmental control framework to reduce pollution, and increased government budgetary support.

7. Laser-Assisted Periodontal Therapy versus Conventional Scaling and Roo...
8

Ruaa Kahtan Mahmood1,*, Amani...
Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
110-114
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17435217

Background: Scaling and root-planing (SRP) remains the foundational non-surgical treatment for periodontitis, but residual pockets, incomplete bacterial removal and patient discomfort motivate adjunctive approaches. Laser-assisted periodontal therapy (LAPT) — including Er:YAG, diode, Nd:YAG, CO₂, LANAP and photodynamic therapy (PDT) — is proposed to improve microbial decontamination, tissue management and healing. Objective: To systematically review clinical, microbiological and patient-centred outcomes comparing LAPT (monotherapy or adjunctive) with conventional SRP in adult periodontitis patients, emphasizing studies from 2018–2025. Methods: Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central and open access journals (through Oct 2025) identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials and systematic reviews comparing any LAPT versus SRP. Primary outcomes: probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain. Secondary outcomes: bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque/gingival indices, microbiological/inflammatory markers, patient-reported outcomes and adverse events. Data were extracted by two reviewers and synthesized qualitatively due to heterogeneity in laser types and protocols. Results: Thirteen RCTs/controlled trials and multiple systematic reviews/meta-analyses were identified. Adjunctive laser therapy (particularly Er:YAG or diode lasers used in well-specified protocols) often produced modest additional short-term improvements in PPD, CAL and BOP versus SRP alone; effect sizes were commonly <1 mm and declined over time in many studies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) adjuncts and some LANAP/ Nd:YAG protocols show promising reductions in pathogens and early clinical markers [7,17,22]. Evidence quality is variable; heterogeneity of laser parameters, operator skill and follow-up durations limit generalizability. Conclusions: LAPT can provide modest incremental clinical benefits as an adjunct to SRP in selected protocols and patient subsets (e.g., residual deep pockets), especially in the short term. There is insufficient robust evidence to support routine replacement of SRP by lasers. Standardized laser protocols, larger multicentre RCTs and ≥12-month follow-up studies (including cost-effectiveness) are needed.





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